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varicella vaccine
The varicella vaccine is a live (attenuated) virus administered to protect against the viral disease commonly known as chickenpox caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV). Another vaccine that is known as zoster vaccine is simply a larger-than-normal dose of the same vaccine used against chickenpox, and is used in older adults to reduce the risk of shingles (also called herpes zoster) and postherpetic neuralgia, which are caused by the same virus.
The chickenpox vaccine was developed in 1995. The varicella vaccine is marketed as Varivax in the U.S. by Merck and globally as Varilrix by GlaxoSmithKline. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system. In the United States, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issued a recommendation in 2006 for two doses of varicella vaccine to be given universally to children, and it is part of the routine immunization schedule set by the Centers for Disease Control in the US.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Immunization Schedules )〕 Most European countries include it as part of universal vaccinations in children, but not all countries provide the vaccine due to its cost. In the UK, the vaccine is currently only recommended in people who are particularly vulnerable to chickenpox.
==Medical uses==
Varicella vaccine is 70% to 90% effective for preventing varicella and more than 95% effective for preventing severe varicella. Furthermore, follow-up evaluations took place in the United States of children immunized that revealed protection for at least 11 years. Also, studies were conducted in Japan which indicated protection for at least 20 years.〔
People who do not develop enough protection when they get the vaccine may develop a mild case of the disease when in close contact with a person with chickenpox. In these cases, people show very little sign of illness. This has been the case of children who get the vaccine in their early childhood and later have contact with children with chickenpox. Some of these children may develop a mild chickenpox also known as breakthrough disease.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Varicella Vaccine (Chickenpox) )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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